The Wisdom of Crowds, Why the Many Are Smarter Than the few, by James Surowiecki
This is a fantastic book that I think should be on your must read list. Here are some quotes from the book.
“the simple fact of making a group diverse makes it better at problem solving.”
“grouping only smart people together doesn’t work that well because the smart people (whatever that means) tend to resemble each other in what they can do. If you think about intelligence as a kind of toolbox of skills, the list of skills that are “best” is relatively small, so that people who have them tend to be alike. This is normally a good thing, but it means that as a whole the group knows less than it otherwise might. Adding a few people who know less, but have different skills, actually improves the groups performance.”
“Ultimately, diversity contributes not just by adding different perspectives to the group but also by making it easier for individuals to say what they really think. As we’ll see in the next chapter, idepedance of opinion is both a crucial ingredient in collectively wise decisions and one of the hardest things to keep intact. Because diversity helps preserve independence, it’s hard to have a collectively wise group without it.”